Physical Hazard

[PHYSICAL HAZARD]

Definition- Interaction between human and physical

Form: [Sound, Vibration, Heat-Cold, Radiation, Pressure] and [Light, Ventilation]

Effect Depend: Exposure (frequency X Intensity X Time), Body parts

Prevention Depend: Source, Pathway, Receiver

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SOUND

Types of Noise: Continuous, Intermittent, Impulse,

Effect of Noise:

Auditory: Temp/ Permanent hearing loss, Tinnitus, Acute acoustic Injury

Non-Auditory: (W.E.I.R.D)- Wasting, Error, Injury, Reduced Quality, Damaging

VIBRATION

Types of Vibration: Whole-Body, Hand-Arm

Effect of Hand-Arm Vibration:

Vascular: Vibration White Finger (VWF) / Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome

Non-Vascular: Skeletal changes/ Neurogenic changes

HEAT-COLD

Types of Heat-Cold: Heat, Cold

Effect of Heat:

Skin: Skin Rashes/ Urticaria

Non-Skin (Systemic): Heat Cramp, Heat Exhaustion, Heat Strokes

*Cramp-due to fluid/electrolytes loss

**Exhaustion- severely weak + heated body

***Strokes- Incongruity + Incoherent word

RADIATION

Types of Radiation: Ionizing (IR) and Non-Ionizing (NIR)

Effect of Radiation:

Somatic Effect: ARS*, Skin Changes (Deterministic) , Cancer (Stochastic**)

Heritable Effect: Fertility, birth defect

* ARS- Acute Radiation Sickness/ **Stochastic- Random toward individual

PRESSURE

Types of Pressure: High Pressure, Low Pressure

Barotrauma (BT):

Increase Barometric Pressure-> Increase Gas Volume-> Direct effect body tissue->BT

Effect of Pressure:

Direct Effect: Nitrogen narcosis, Oxygen Toxicity

Indirect Effect: Decompression Sickness

LIGHT

Types of Light: Insufficient, Poor-Distribution, Excessive

VENTILATION

Types of Ventilation: General Exhaust Ventilation, Local Exhaust Ventilation